## Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2016/991

Bootstrapping the Blockchain --- Directly

Juan A. Garay and Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos and Giorgos Panagiotakos

Abstract: The Bitcoin backbone protocol [Eurocrypt 2015] extracts basic properties of Bitcoin's underlying {\em blockchain} data structure, such as common prefix'' and chain quality,'' and shows how fundamental applications including consensus and a robust public transaction ledger can be built on top of them. The underlying assumptions are proofs of work'' (POWs), adversarial hashing power strictly less than $1/2$ {\em and} no adversarial pre-computation---or, alternatively, the existence of an unpredictable genesis'' block.

In this paper we show how to remove the latter assumption, presenting a bootstrapped'' Bitcoin-like blockchain protocol relying on POWs that builds genesis blocks from scratch'' in the presence of adversarial pre-computation. The only known previous result in the same setting (unauthenticated parties, no trusted setup) [Crypto 2015] is indirect in the sense of creating a PKI first and then employing conventional PKI-based authenticated communication.

With our construction we establish that consensus can be solved directly by a blockchain protocol {\em without} trusted setup assuming an honest majority (in terms of computational power). % We also formalize {\em miner unlinkability}, a privacy property for blockchain protocols, and demonstrate that our protocol retains the same level of miner unlinkability as Bitcoin itself.

Category / Keywords: cryptographic protocols / Bitcoin, bootstrapping, unlinkability

Date: received 13 Oct 2016, last revised 18 Oct 2016

Contact author: pagio91i at gmail com

Available format(s): PDF | BibTeX Citation

Short URL: ia.cr/2016/991

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