PEEV: Parse Encrypt Execute Verify - A Verifiable FHE Framework

Omar Ahmed; Charles Gouert; Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Paper 2026/1871

PEEV: Parse Encrypt Execute Verify - A Verifiable FHE Framework

Omar Ahmed

, University of Delaware

Charles Gouert

, University of Delaware

Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

, University of Delaware

Abstract

Cloud computing has been a prominent technology that allows users to store their data and outsource intensive computations. However, users of cloud services are also concerned about protecting the confidentiality of their data against attacks that can leak sensitive information. Although traditional cryptography can be used to protect static data or data being transmitted over a network, it does not support processing of encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption can be used to allow processing directly on encrypted data, but a dishonest cloud provider can alter the computations performed, thus violating the integrity of the results. To overcome these issues, we propose PEEV (Parse, Encrypt, Execute, Verify), a framework that allows a developer with no background in cryptography to write programs operating on encrypted data, outsource computations to a remote server, and verify the correctness of the computations. The proposed framework relies on homomorphic encryption techniques as well as zero-knowledge proofs to achieve verifiable privacy-preserving computation. It supports practical deployments with low performance overheads and allows developers to express their encrypted programs in a high-level language, abstracting away the complexities of encryption and verification.

Note: The PEEV GitHub repository is available here: https://github.com/TrustworthyComputing/PEEV-verifiableFHE

Metadata

Available format(s): PDF
Category: Implementation
Publication info: Published elsewhere. Minor revision. IEEE Access
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3424420
Keywords: Cloud Computing Homomorphic Encryption Private and Verifiable Computation Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Contact author(s): tsoutsos @ udel edu
History: 2026-09-06: approved; 2026-09-02: received; See all versions
Short URL: https://ia.cr/2026/1871
License: CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2026/1871,
      author = {Omar Ahmed and Charles Gouert and Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos},
      title = {{PEEV}: Parse Encrypt Execute Verify - A Verifiable {FHE} Framework},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2026/1871},
      year = {2026},
      doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3424420},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/1871}
}