Plonkify: R1CS-to-Plonk transpiler

Pengfei Zhu

Paper 2025/534

Plonkify: R1CS-to-Plonk transpiler

Pengfei Zhu, Tsinghua University

Abstract

Rank-1 Constraint Systems (R1CS) and Plonk constraint systems are two commonly used circuit formats for zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zkSNARKs). We present Plonkify, a tool that converts a circuit in an R1CS arithmetization to Plonk, with support for both vanilla gates and custom gates. Our tool is able to convert an R1CS circuit with 229,847 constraints to a vanilla Plonk circuit with 855,296 constraints, or a jellyfish turbo Plonk circuit with 429,166 constraints, representing a $2.59 \times$ and $1.9 \times$ reduction in the number of constraints over the respective naïve conversions.

Metadata

Available format(s): PDF
Category: Applications
Publication info: Preprint.
Keywords: zk-SNARKs
Contact author(s): zhupf321 @ gmail com
History: 2025-03-23: approved; 2025-03-22: received; See all versions
Short URL: https://ia.cr/2025/534
License: CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2025/534,
      author = {Pengfei Zhu},
      title = {Plonkify: {R1CS}-to-Plonk transpiler},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2025/534},
      year = {2025},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/534}
}