Paper 2025/1436

VOLE-in-the-Head Signatures Based on the Linear Code Equivalence Problem

Michele Battagliola, Marche Polytechnic University
Laura Mattiuz, Marche Polytechnic University
Alessio Meneghetti, University of Bari Aldo Moro
Abstract

The Vector Oblivious Linear Evaluation in the Head (VOLEitH) paradigm has proven to be a versatile tool to design zero-knowledge proofs and signatures in post-quantum cryptography. In this paper, we propose three VOLE-friendly modellings for Proofs of Knowledge (PoK) of a solution of an instance of the Linear Code Equivalence Problem (LEP). For the first two schemes, we propose two new reductions from LEP to the Multivariate Quadratic (MQ) problem, that may be of independent interest for the cryptanalysis of LEP. Instead, the last model is obtained by generalizing a recent work by Bettaieb et al. to the context of monomial matrices instead of permutation matrices. While our proposed schemes exhibit larger signature sizes compared to LESS, they improve the computational efficiency, reducing the overall complexity from $O(n^3)$ to $O(n^2\log n )$ and $O(n^2\log^2 n )$, where $n$ is the length of the code.

Metadata
Available format(s)
PDF
Category
Cryptographic protocols
Publication info
Published elsewhere. Minor revision. Cryptography and Communications
DOI
10.1007/s12095-026-00869-z
Keywords
Code-Based CryptographyDigital SignaturesVOLE-in-the-HeadCode Equivalence Problem
Contact author(s)
battagliola michele @ proton me
lauramttiuz @ gmail com
alessio meneghetti @ uniba it
History
2026-02-17: last of 3 revisions
2025-08-07: received
See all versions
Short URL
https://ia.cr/2025/1436
License
Creative Commons Attribution
CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2025/1436,
      author = {Michele Battagliola and Laura Mattiuz and Alessio Meneghetti},
      title = {{VOLE}-in-the-Head Signatures Based on the Linear Code Equivalence Problem},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2025/1436},
      year = {2025},
      doi = {10.1007/s12095-026-00869-z},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1436}
}
Note: In order to protect the privacy of readers, eprint.iacr.org does not use cookies or embedded third party content.