Paper 2025/1186

Unconditional Individual Verifiability with Receipt Freeness via Post-Cast Isolation

Abstract

We introduce a trapdoorless tracker construction for electronic voting that fundamentally reimagines verifiability through information flow control. Unlike existing E2E verifiable systems where receipt-freeness compromises individual verifiability, our approach achieves both simultaneously by requiring only temporary isolation of the voting calculator between ballot casting and verification—when voters enter unique challenges to compute trackers for locating their votes on the public tally board. Our construction leverages perfectly hiding Pedersen commitments and a unique tracker challenge mechanism to simultaneously achieve unconditional individual verifiability, practical everlasting privacy, and receipt-freeness while relying only on standard cryptographic assumptions. When verification failures occur, our system provides transparent accountability by precisely identifying whether the voting calculator or voting device is responsible. The system maintains security even with partial compliance with isolation procedures and offers robust protection against various adversaries while requiring minimal trust assumptions.