Paper 2024/751

Simultaneous Haar Indistinguishability with Applications to Unclonable Cryptography

Prabhanjan Ananth, University of California, Santa Barbara
Fatih Kaleoglu, University of California, Santa Barbara
Henry Yuen, Columbia University
Abstract

Unclonable cryptography is concerned with leveraging the no-cloning principle to build cryptographic primitives that are otherwise impossible to achieve classically. Understanding the feasibility of unclonable encryption, one of the key unclonable primitives, satisfying indistinguishability security in the plain model has been a major open question in the area. So far, the existing constructions of unclonable encryption are either in the quantum random oracle model or are based on new conjectures. We present a new approach to unclonable encryption via a reduction to a novel question about nonlocal quantum state discrimination: how well can non-communicating -- but entangled -- players distinguish between different distributions over quantum states? We call this task simultaneous state indistinguishability. Our main technical result is showing that the players cannot distinguish between each player receiving independently-chosen Haar random states versus all players receiving the same Haar random state. We leverage this result to present the first construction of unclonable encryption satisfying indistinguishability security, with quantum decryption keys, in the plain model. We also show other implications to single-decryptor encryption and leakage-resilient secret sharing.

Metadata
Available format(s)
PDF
Category
Foundations
Publication info
Preprint.
Keywords
State DiscriminationQuantum CryptographyUnclonable CryptographyLeakage-ResilienceSecret Sharing
Contact author(s)
prabhanjan @ cs ucsb edu
kaleoglu @ ucsb edu
hyuen @ cs columbia edu
History
2024-05-20: approved
2024-05-16: received
See all versions
Short URL
https://ia.cr/2024/751
License
Creative Commons Attribution
CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2024/751,
      author = {Prabhanjan Ananth and Fatih Kaleoglu and Henry Yuen},
      title = {Simultaneous Haar Indistinguishability with Applications to Unclonable Cryptography},
      howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2024/751},
      year = {2024},
      note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/751}},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/751}
}
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