Paper 2024/547

Efficient Permutation Correlations and Batched Random Access for Two-Party Computation

Abstract

In this work we formalize the notion of a two-party permutation correlation $(A, B), (C, \pi)$ s.t. $\pi(A)=B+C$ for a random permutation $\pi$ of $n$ elements and vectors $A,B,C\in \mathbb{F}^n$. This correlation can be viewed as an abstraction and generalization of the Chase et al. (Asiacrypt 2020) share translation protocol. We give a systematization of knowledge for how such a permutation correlation can be derandomized to allow the parties to perform a wide range of oblivious permutations of secret-shared data. This systematization immediately enables the translation of various popular honest-majority protocols to be efficiently instantiated in the two-party setting, e.g. collaborative filtering, sorting, database joins, graph algorithms, and many more. We give two novel protocols for efficiently generating a random permutation correlation. The first uses MPC-friendly PRFs to generate a correlation of $n$ elements, each of size $\ell=\log|\mathbb{F}|$ bits, with $O(n\ell)$ bit-OTs, time, communication, and only three rounds. Similar asymptotics previously required relatively expensive public-key cryptography, e.g. Paillier or LWE. Our protocol implementation for $n=2^{20},\ell=128$ requires just 7 seconds & $\sim2\ell n$ bits of communication, a respective 40 & $1.1\times$ improvement on the LWE solution of Juvekar at al. (CCS 2018). The second protocol is based on pseudo-random correlation generators and achieves an overhead that is sublinear in the string length $\ell$, i.e. the communication and number of OTs is $O(n\log \ell)$. The overhead of the latter protocol has larger hidden constants, and therefore is more efficient only when long strings are permuted, e.g. in graph algorithms. Finally, we present a suite of highly efficient protocols based on permutations for performing various batched random access operations. These include the ability to extract a hidden subset of a secret-shared list. More generally, we give ORAM-like protocols for obliviously reading and writing from a list in a batched manner. We argue that this suite of batched random access protocols should be a first class primitive in the MPC practitioner's toolbox.