Paper 2024/1614

Related-Key Cryptanalysis of FUTURE

Abstract

In Africacrypt 2022, Gupta \etal introduced a 64-bit lightweight \mds matrix-based \spn-like block cipher designed to encrypt data in a single clock cycle with minimal implementation cost, particularly when unrolled. While various attack models were discussed, the security of the cipher in the related-key setting was not addressed. In this work, we bridge this gap by conducting a security analysis of the cipher under related-key attacks using \milp(Mixed Integer Linear Programming)-based techniques. Our model enables a related-key distinguishing attack on 8 rounds of FUTURE, requiring $2^{64}$ plaintexts, $2^{63}$ \xor operations, and negligible memory. Additionally, we present a 10-round boomerang distinguisher with a probability of $2^{-45}$, leading to a distinguishing attack with $2^{46}$ plaintexts, $2^{46}$ \xor operations, and negligible memory. This result demonstrates a full break of the cipher’s 64-bit security in the related-key setting.