A Novel Power Analysis Attack against CRYSTALS-Dilithium Implementation

Yong Liu; Yuejun Liu; Yongbin Zhou; Yiwen Gao; Zehua Qiao; Huaxin Wang

Paper 2024/111

A Novel Power Analysis Attack against CRYSTALS-Dilithium Implementation

Yong Liu, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Yuejun Liu, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Yongbin Zhou, Nanjing University of Science and Technology，Institute of Information Engineering，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Yiwen Gao, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Zehua Qiao, Institute of Information Engineering，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Huaxin Wang, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Abstract

Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) was proposed due to the potential threats quantum computer attacks against conventional public key cryptosystems, and four PQC algorithms besides CRYSTALS-Dilithium (Dilithium for short) have so far been selected for NIST standardization. However, the selected algorithms are still vulnerable to side-channel attacks in practice, and their physical security need to be further evaluated. This study introduces two efficient power analysis attacks, the optimized fast two-stage approach and the single-bit approach, aimed at reducing the key guess space in NTT polynomial multiplication on an STM32F405 device (ARM Cortex-M4 core). Our findings reveal that the optimized approach outperforms the conservative approach and the fast two-stage approach proposed in ICCD 2021 by factors of 519 and 88, respectively. Similarly, the single-bit approach demonstrates speedups of 365 and 62 times compared to these two approaches, respectively.

Metadata

Available format(s): PDF
Category: Attacks and cryptanalysis
Publication info: Preprint.
Keywords: Side-Channel Attack CRYSTALS-Dilithium Post-Quantum Cryptography Montgomery Reduction Number Theoretic Transform
Contact author(s): fengzhongren @ njust edu cn
liuyuejun @ njust edu cn
zhouyongbin @ njust edu cn
gaoyiwen @ njust edu cn
qiaozehua @ iie ac cn
wanghuaxin @ njust edu cn
History: 2024-01-26: approved; 2024-01-25: received; See all versions
Short URL: https://ia.cr/2024/111
License: CC BY-NC

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2024/111,
      author = {Yong Liu and Yuejun Liu and Yongbin Zhou and Yiwen Gao and Zehua Qiao and Huaxin Wang},
      title = {A Novel Power Analysis Attack against {CRYSTALS}-Dilithium Implementation},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2024/111},
      year = {2024},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/111}
}