Paper 2018/306
State Separation for Code-Based Game-Playing Proofs
Chris Brzuska, Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Cedric Fournet, Konrad Kohbrok, and Markulf Kohlweiss
Abstract
The security analysis of real-world protocols involves reduction steps that are conceptually simple but still have to account for many protocol complications found in standards and implementations. Taking inspiration from universal composability, abstract cryptography, process algebras, and type-based verification frameworks, we propose a method to simplify large reductions, avoid mistakes in carrying them out, and obtain concise security statements. Our method decomposes monolithic games into collections of stateful *packages* representing collections of oracles that call one another using well-defined interfaces. Every component scheme yields a pair of a real and an ideal package. In security proofs, we then successively replace each real package with its ideal counterpart, treating the other packages as the reduction. We build this reduction by applying a number of algebraic operations on packages justified by their state separation. Our method handles reductions that emulate the game perfectly, and leaves more complex arguments to existing game-based proof techniques such as the code-based analysis suggested by Bellare and Rogaway. It also facilitates computer-aided proofs, inasmuch as the perfect reductions steps can be automatically discharged by proof assistants. We illustrate our method on two generic composition proofs: (1) a proof of self-composition using a hybrid argument; and (2) the composition of keying and keyed components. For concreteness, we apply them to the KEM-DEM proof of hybrid-encryption by Cramer and Shoup and to the composition of forward-secure game-based key exchange protocols with symmetric-key protocols.
Note: In this revision we consider the standard IND-CCA notion for KEM-DEM, as did Cramer and Shoup. Note that in a previous version, we used $-IND-CCA (pseudorandom ciphertexts), since we originally (wrongly) believed that this might lead to a more tight reduction. We thank Theo Winterhalter for pointing out to us that the code equivalence step in the original version did not hold for b=1.
Metadata
- Available format(s)
-
PDF
- Category
- Foundations
- Publication info
- A major revision of an IACR publication in ASIACRYPT 2018
- Keywords
- compositionverificationkey exchangeKEM-DEM
- Contact author(s)
- konrad kohbrok @ datashrine de
- History
- 2021-05-17: last of 2 revisions
- 2018-04-03: received
- See all versions
- Short URL
- https://ia.cr/2018/306
- License
-
CC BY
BibTeX
@misc{cryptoeprint:2018/306, author = {Chris Brzuska and Antoine Delignat-Lavaud and Cedric Fournet and Konrad Kohbrok and Markulf Kohlweiss}, title = {State Separation for Code-Based Game-Playing Proofs}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2018/306}, year = {2018}, note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/306}}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/306} }