### Virtual Grey-Boxes Beyond Obfuscation: A Statistical Security Notion for Cryptographic Agents

Shashank Agrawal, Manoj Prabhakaran, and Ching-Hua Yu

##### Abstract

We extend the simulation-based definition of Virtual Grey Box (VGB) security -- originally proposed for obfuscation (Bitansky and Canetti, 2010) -- to a broad class of cryptographic primitives. These include functional encryption, graded encoding schemes, bi-linear maps (with uber assumptions), as well as unexplored ones like homomorphic functional encryption. Our main result is a characterization of VGB security, in all these cases, in terms of an indistinguishability-preserving notion of security, called $\Gamma^*-s-\textsf{IND}-\textsf{PRE}$ security, formulated using an extension of the recently proposed Cryptographic Agents framework (Agrawal et al., 2015). We further show that this definition is equivalent to an indistinguishability based security definition that is restricted to 'concentrated' distributions (wherein the outcome of any computation on encrypted data is essentially known ahead of the computation). A result of Bitansky et al. (2014), who showed that VGB obfuscation is equivalent to strong indistinguishability obfuscation (SIO), is obtained by specializing our result to obfuscation. Our proof, while sharing various elements from the proof of Bitansky et al., is simpler and significantly more general, as it uses $\Gamma^*-s-\textsf{IND}-\textsf{PRE}$ security as an intermediate notion. Our characterization also shows that the semantic security for graded encoding schemes (Pass et al. 2014), is in fact an instance of this same definition. We also present a composition theorem for rtestfamily-sINDPRE security. We can then recover the result of Bitansky et al. (2014) regarding the existence of VGB obfuscation for all NC1 circuits, simply by instantiating this composition theorem with a reduction from obfuscation of NC1 circuits to graded encoding schemas (Barak et al., 2014) and the assumption that there exists an $\Gamma^*-s-\textsf{IND}-\textsf{PRE}$ secure scheme for the graded encoding schema (Pass et al. 2014).

Available format(s)
Publication info
Keywords
cryptographic agentsobfuscationsimulation-based securityindistinguishability-preserving securityconcentrated distributioncomposition theorem
Contact author(s)
sagrawal @ cs utexas edu
mmp @ illinois edu
cyu17 @ illinois edu
History
2016-08-26: revised
See all versions
Short URL
https://ia.cr/2016/819

CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2016/819,
author = {Shashank Agrawal and Manoj Prabhakaran and Ching-Hua Yu},
title = {Virtual Grey-Boxes Beyond Obfuscation: A Statistical Security Notion for Cryptographic Agents},
howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2016/819},
year = {2016},
note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/819}},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/819}
}

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