### The role of help in Classical and Quantum Zero-Knowledge

André Chailloux and Iordanis Kerenidis

##### Abstract

We study the role of help in Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge protocols and its relation to the standard interactive model. In the classical case, we show that help and interaction are equivalent, answering an open question of Ben-Or and Gutfreund (\cite{BG03}). This implies a new complete problem for the class SZK, the Image Intersection Density. For this problem, we also prove a polarization lemma which is stronger than the previously known one. In the quantum setting, we define the notion of quantum help and show in a more direct way that help and interaction are again equivalent. Moreover, we define quantum Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge with classical help and prove that it is equal to the class of languages that have classical honest-Verifier Zero Knowledge protocols secure against quantum Verifiers (\cite{Wat06, HKSZ07}). Last, we provide new complete problems for all these quantum classes. Similar results were independently discovered by Dragos Florin Ciocan and Salil Vadhan.

Note: This article will be shortly superseeded by some joint work with Dragos Florin Ciocan and Salil Vadhan

Available format(s)
Category
Cryptographic protocols
Publication info
Published elsewhere. Unknown where it was published
Keywords
cryptographyzero knowledge protocolshelp modelquantum
Contact author(s)
andre chailloux @ ens-lyon fr
History
Short URL
https://ia.cr/2007/421

CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2007/421,
author = {André Chailloux and Iordanis Kerenidis},
title = {The role of help in Classical and Quantum Zero-Knowledge},
howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2007/421},
year = {2007},
note = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/421}},
url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/421}
}

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