Paper 2022/441

Two-Client Inner-Product Functional Encryption, with an Application to Money-Laundering Detection

Paola de Perthuis and David Pointcheval

Abstract

In this paper, we extend Inner-Product Functional Encryption (IPFE), where there is just a vector in the key and a vector in the single sender's ciphertext, to two-client ciphertexts. More precisely, in our two-client functional encryption scheme, there are two Data Providers who can independently encrypt vectors $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{y}$ for a data consumer who can, from a functional decryption key associated to a vector $\mathbf{\alpha}$, compute $\sum \alpha_i x_i y_i = \mathbf{x} \cdot \mathsf{Diag}(\mathbf{\alpha}) \cdot \mathbf{y}^\top$. Ciphertexts are linear in the dimension of the vectors, whereas the functional decryption keys are of constant size. We study two interesting particular cases: - 2-party Inner-Product Functional Encryption, with $\mathbf{\alpha}= (1,\ldots,1)$. There is a unique functional decryption key, which enables the computation of $\mathbf{x}\cdot \mathbf{y}^\top$ by a third party, where $\mathbf{x}$ and $\mathbf{y}$ are provided by two independent clients; - Inner-Product Functional Encryption with a Selector, with $\mathbf{x}= \mathbf{x}_0 \| \mathbf{x}_1$ and $\mathbf{y}= \bar{b}^n \| b^n \in \{ 1^n \| 0^n, 0^n \| 1^n \}$, for some bit $b$, on the public coefficients $\mathbf{\alpha} = \mathbf{\alpha}_0 \| \mathbf{\alpha}_1$, in the functional decryption key, so that one gets $\mathbf{x}_b \cdot \mathbf{\alpha}_b^\top$, where $\mathbf{x}$ and $b$ are provided by two independent clients. This result is based on the fundamental Product-Preserving Lemma, which is of independent interest. It exploits Dual Pairing Vector Spaces (DPVS), with security proofs under the \mathsf{SXDH} assumption. We provide two practical applications to medical diagnosis for the latter IPFE with Selector, and to money-laundering detection for the former 2-party IPFE, both with strong privacy properties, with adaptative security and the use of labels granting a Multi-Client Functional Encryption (MCFE) security for the scheme, thus enabling its use in practical situations.