Paper 2016/456

Secure Protocol Transformations

Yuval Ishai, Eyal Kushilevitz, Manoj Prabhakaran, Amit Sahai, and Ching-Hua Yu

Abstract

In the rich literature of secure multi-party computation (MPC), several important results rely on “protocol transformations,” whereby protocols from one model of MPC are transformed to protocols from another model. Motivated by the goal of simplifying and unifying results in the area of MPC, we formalize a general notion of black-box protocol transformations that captures previous transformations from the literature as special cases, and present several new transformations. We motivate our study of protocol transformations by presenting the following applications. • Simplifying feasibility results: – Easily rederive a result in Goldreich’s book (2004), on MPC with full security in the presence of an honest majority, from an earlier result in the book, on MPC that offers “security with abort.” – Rederive the classical result of Rabin and Ben-Or (1989) by applying a transformation to the simpler protocols of Ben-Or et al. or Chaum et al. (1988). • Efficiency improvements: – The first “constant-rate ”MPC protocol for a constant number of parties that offers full information-theoretic security with an optimal threshold, improving over the protocol of Rabin and Ben-Or; – A fully secure MPC protocol with optimal threshold that improves over a previous protocol of Ben-Sasson et al. (2012) in the case of “deep and narrow” computations; – A fully secure MPC protocol with near-optimal threshold that improves over a previous protocol of Damgård et al. (2010) by improving the dependence on the security parameter from linear to polylogarithmic; – An efficient new transformation from passive-secure two-party computation in the OT-hybrid and OLE-hybrid model to zero-knowledge proofs, improving over a recent similar transformation of Hazay and Venkitasubramaniam (2016). Finally, we prove the impossibility of two simple types of black-box protocol transformations, including an unconditional variant of a previous negative result of Rosulek (2012) that relied on the existence of one-way functions.

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