## Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2010/560

On CCA-Secure Fully Homomorphic Encryption

J. Loftus and A. May and N.P. Smart and F. Vercauteren

Abstract: It is well known that any encryption scheme which supports any form of homomorphic operation cannot be secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks. The question then arises as to what is the most stringent security definition which is achievable by homomorphic encryption schemes. Prior work has shown that various schemes which support a single homomorphic encryption scheme can be shown to be IND-CCA1, i.e. secure against lunchtime attacks. In this paper we extend this analysis to the recent fully homomorphic encryption scheme proposed by Gentry, as refined by Gentry, Halevi, Smart and Vercauteren. We show that the basic Gentry scheme is not IND-CCA1; indeed a trivial lunchtime attack allows one to recover the secret key. We then show that a minor modification to the variant of the somewhat homomorphic encryption scheme of Smart and Vercauteren will allow one to achieve IND-CCA1, indeed PA-1, in the standard model assuming a lattice based knowledge assumption. We also examine the security of the scheme against another security notion, namely security in the presence of ciphertext validity checking oracles; and show why CCA-like notions are important in applications in which multiple parties submit encrypted data to the cloud'' for secure processing.

Category / Keywords: public-key cryptography / Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Date: received 3 Nov 2010, last revised 15 Jul 2011

Contact author: nigel at cs bris ac uk

Available format(s): PDF | BibTeX Citation

Note: Added an appendix on embedding an FHE scheme within a non-FFHE CCA scheme.

Short URL: ia.cr/2010/560

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