Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2003/232

The Statistical Zero-knowledge Proof for Blum Integer Based on Discrete Logarithm

Chunming Tang and Zhuojun Liu and Jinwang Liu

Abstract: Blum integers (BL), which has extensively been used in the domain of cryptography, are integers with form $p^{k_1}q^{k_2}$, where $p$ and $q$ are different primes both $\equiv 3\hspace{4pt}mod\hspace{4pt}4$ and $k_1$ and $k_2$ are odd integers. These integers can be divided two types: 1) $M=pq$, 2) $M=p^{k_1}q^{k_2}$, where at least one of $k_1$ and $k_2$ is greater than 1.\par

In \cite{dbk3}, Bruce Schneier has already proposed an open problem: {\it it is unknown whether there exists a truly practical zero-knowledge proof for $M(=pq)\in BL$}. In this paper, we construct two statistical zero-knowledge proofs based on discrete logarithm, which satisfies the two following properties: 1) the prover can convince the verifier $M\in BL$ ; 2) the prover can convince the verifier $M=pq$ or $M=p^{k_1}q^{k_2}$, where at least one of $k_1$ and $k_2$ is more than 1.\par

In addition, we propose a statistical zero-knowledge proof in which the prover proves that a committed integer $a$ is not equal to 0.\par

Category / Keywords: cryptographic protocols / cryptography, Blum integer, statistical zero-knowledge

Date: received 3 Nov 2003, last revised 7 Nov 2003

Contact author: ctang at mmrc iss ac cn

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Version: 20031108:072704 (All versions of this report)

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